Individual Placement and Support model (IPS) of supported employment is internationally recognized as an effective employment service model for people with mental illness. This paper aimed to demonstrate the effects of IPS by summarizing the results of relevant systematic reviews. We included the systematic reviews that conducted meta-analyses of employment rates, work tenure, quality of life, functioning, or psychiatric symptoms. Twelve review articles were included in this paper. Meta-analyses included in this paper found that IPS was associated with higher employment rates and longer employment tenure compared to other employment services. In particular, IPS was effective for individuals with severe mental illness. However, meta-analyses revealed that IPS was not related to the improvements in non-vocational outcomes such as quality of life and psychiatric symptoms. The systematic reviews with meta-analyses suggest implications for future research on IPS, including identification of clients' characteristics for whom IPS works more effectively, exploring interventions that improve clients' quality of life in their working lives, and further examining the long-term effectiveness of IPS. The findings from the meta-analyses provide clinical and political implications about the importance of establishing a service system that provides IPS services for people with severe mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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