The DSM-5 and ICD-11 have classified gambling disorders as "addiction" or "dependence" in the same way as drug and alcohol use disorders. Medical care is now required to deal with people with gambling problems. However, people with gambling problems tend not to seek help, partly due to self-stigma, and most of them do not seek consultation. It would be desirable if they could seek help as soon as possible before they develop serious problems. In this paper I have described the medical, educational, and social perspectives. Providing treatment programs for gambling problems at medical institutions, public health centers, and mental health welfare centers may provide an opportunity for people with gambling problems to consult with medical providers and may improve the rate of continuation of treatment. In addition to the direct therapeutic effects of the program, it is also important to provide a safe place and to interact with supporters in a way that enhances self-efficacy and self-affirmation. Stigma reduction on the part of medical providers is also an important issue. This is based on the perspective of the "interpersonal distrustfulness theory". In school education, content about the harm of addiction and its dependency is not enough. It is also necessary to provide information on addiction as a mental health issue, and from the perspective of anti-stigma, to avoid discrimination against people with addiction. From 2022, high school students will be learning about mental illness in their health classes. In order to create a social environment where it is easy to consult about addiction issues, we would like to share our "hardships of living (ikidurasa) Model" with students. From a social perspective, we introduced Mental Health First Aid and NIPPON COCORO ACTION as examples. These activities are designed to spread correct knowledge and understanding of mental health, to eliminate or reduce stigma in the community, and to encourage family and friends to help people with gambling-related problems to seek counseling and support. Efforts to reduce stigma and self-stigma in medicine, education, and society will also help prevent problem gambling. I hope that people with gambling problems will be able to receive counseling and support at an earlier stage.
Author's abstract
Self-stigma among People with Gambling Problems
Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center
Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica
124: 794-800, 2022
<Keywords:gambling disorder, addiction, self-stigma, hardships of living (ikidurasa), interpersonal distrustfulness theory>