In Emil Kraepelin's time, schizophrenia was called "premature dementia" and was regarded as a disease that was difficult to treat. Eventually, it became clear that schizophrenia could be treated with medication, mainly antipsychotic drugs, and psychosocial treatment; however, there were still many problems, such as the negative image of the disease that were barriers to treatment. Under such circumstances, the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology changed the name of the disease to "schizophrenia" in 2002, thanks to the efforts of family associations and other organizations, and with the help of the media, awareness of the disease gradually spread throughout Japan. The treatment and care of schizophrenia has progressed over the years, and nowadays, the aim is not only to alleviate clinical symptoms but also to achieve personal recovery. On the other hand, self-stigma is an obstacle to recovery, and it is deeply related to insight. In recent years, there have been many efforts to reduce the self-stigma that inevitably arises during the treatment process. It has become clear that knowledge of the disease is important, and that intervention with the patient and the patient's family is also effective. In Japan, the Speakers Bureau, which was held in Sendai in 2013, attracted attention as an anti-stigma activity by concerned parties. Currently, due to the spread of the COVID-19 and other factors, anti-stigma activities may only be held on a limited basis. However, relapses and re-hospitalizations for schizophrenia continue unabated. In such a situation, psychosocial interventions for patients and caregivers can contribute to the reduction of self-stigma, and as a result, it is suggested that relapse and re-hospitalization may be prevented. In addition, treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics may also be appropriate from the perspective of medication adherence. The time has come when many patients with schizophrenia can overcome self-stigma, continue maintenance treatment without experiencing relapse or re-hospitalization, and pursue life as they see fit.
 Author's abstract