When pediatric patients are diagnosed with chronic diseases such as asthma, they can experience intractable episodes during which control remains poor and hospitalization is required even if a drug had already been prescribed. Additionally, family background factors, such as poverty, single-parent scenarios, or mothers with mental illness, hinder the complete achievement of therapeutic effects. When instructing children with developmental disabilities to take allergy medications, it is important to understand the background of the caregiver and share the treatment decisions with the child. Social support personnel, including healthcare professionals, need to be aware of the fact that improper care affects both the onset and the course of chronic pediatric illnesses; hence, they need to engage with the patients and their families to ensure the delivery of adequate care. Thus, it is desirable to work closely with psychiatrists in charge of the child as well as the parents to share information with them and make them participate in the Regional Council for Measures for Children Requiring Protection. As abused children often grow up to become pregnant and give birth at a young age, it is necessary for both pediatricians (internal medicine) and psychiatrists to provide relevant information to obstetricians and public health nurses.
 Besides, it is the pediatrician's responsibility to lead the efforts to prevent abusive death as infants aged 0 years account for half of all such deaths and those who die at 0 months of age account for 25% of these deaths. Thus, many children die because of abuse before they are provided a medical examination or are evaluated by a pediatrician. To address this issue, we would like to contact local pediatricians and public health nurses during pregnancy and encourage them to accompany the patients during medical examinations so that these infants do not die during the neonatal period. Even though infants return to their grandparents' home at the time of discharge and can receive support from the grandmother, there have been cases wherein such infants did not receive adequate support and faced abusive death after returning their own's home. The question is, "is it possible to prevent physical abuse by parents with mental illness who are prone to impulsivity?" To address this problem, it is necessary to understand the behavior of the high-risk group and collaborate with obstetricians and psychiatrists to collect relevant information and prevent abusive death.
 We, the pediatricians, envision a future Japanese society in which the standard new family image involves raising children together with psychiatrists and obstetricians, with the caregivers providing assistance right from the pregnancy period.
 Author's abstract