All psychiatric symptoms arise from the brain. Therefore, we can not understand psychiatric symptoms fully without understanding of the brain. Until recently, it was quite difficult to know what was happening in the brain precisely. However, due to the technological advances in neuroscience, we are able to discuss the brain function in detail.
 Neuropathology is a relatively old academic field among the neurosciences. Some people criticize neuropathology, saying that "it only observes the ruins". However, there is no doubt that neuropathology provides an unwavering basis for neuroscience. The Ja pan Brain Bank Net (JBBN) was launched in 2016. JBBN is the first significant brain bank in Japan, and researchers have high expectations for the samples provided by JBBN, especially in the field of psychiatry.
 At the Department of Neuropsychiatry of Okayama University, the accumulation of autopsied brains began in 1924. In recent years, 10-20 brains are added annually. To date, over 1,100 brains have been preserved, and modern immunoshistochemical examinations have been applied in about 800 cases. Counting the clinical diagnoses of autopsied cases, over 100 cases were diagnosed as schizophrenia or related disorders. Meanwhile, only a few cases were diagnosed as bipolar disorder. Major supply sources of autopsied brain in recent years are Zikei Hospital (psychiatric hospital), Kinoko Espoir Hospital (hospital specialized in dementia), and Minami-Okayama Medical Center (neurology). Increasing the supply sources is an important task for us, and the aging of doctors engaged in autopsy is an another problem.
 Researchers using autopsied or biopsied human brains should engage in their research with sincere gratitude to patients, patients' families, attending physicians, and pathologists engaged in autopsy. In clinical settings of psychogeriatrics, we should have some knowledge of brain degenerative diseases. In this short article, we report several studies with neuropathological examinations of patients who showed psychotic or depressive symptoms in old ages.
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