"General Psychopathology" by Karl Jaspers deserves to be reevaluated in modern psychiatry, both for the better understanding of the patient's condition and for the treatment of the patient. The "existential communication" that Jaspers describes proposes a psychotherapeutic process that stands on "Das Unverständliche" for the patient and the doctor.
"Existential communication", which goes beyond individual psychotherapeutic techniques, aims to make the patient and the doctor to become free subjects of high quality. "Existential communication" can also be useful in palliative medicine for patients with cancer who confront dying. For Jaspers, "understanding" (Verstehen) and "empathy" (Einfühlung) are not the same thing, while "understanding" is regarded as a phenomenological method specific to "General Psychopathology". Jaspers' foremost concern when dealing with "understanding" (Verstehen) is psychopathological phenomena that are beyond scope of the empathy. He consistently remained on the horizon of "understanding", working based on phenomenological methods to achieve a higher level of understanding. In "General Psychopathology", Jaspers aimed to create a frame of reference that positively accepts psychopathological conditions that we are not able to comprehend through "understanding", to open up a higher horizon of "understanding", and to lead to evidence specific to psychopathology. The most significant aspect of "General Psychopathology" in terms of "static understanding" is the task of creating descriptive evidence for the pathological phenomenon of schizophrenia, which is marked by incomprehensible speech and behavior.
Author's abstract
"High Level of Understanding" in Karl Jaspers and the Therapeutic Perspective: Discussion to the Article「The Basic Problems of the Psychopathology: Consideration on the Concept of "Understanding" in Karl Jaspers」by Takeshi Utsumi
Oyama-Fujimidai Hospital
Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica
124: 382-391, 2022
Accepted in revised form: 4 February 2022.
Accepted in revised form: 4 February 2022.
<Keywords:Karl Jaspers, psychotherapy, understanding (Verstehen), empathy (Einfühlung), descriptive evidence>