With increasing knowledge on the molecular biology of the pathogenesis, development of biomarkers, and neuropsychological features of mild cognitive impairment, the diagnosis of dementia based on the classification of traditional psychiatric symptomatology is moving toward that of biological (biomarker-based) classification, similar to physical diseases. As a result, there has been a prominent debate on the allocation of the types of dementia in the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11) draft.
 Neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's-type dementia, have been classified in the ICD-10 with the clinical manifestation in chapter F (F00*) and the etiology in chapter G (G30†). In late 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) moved the dementia categories-contrary to the "traditional" location of clinical manifestations in ICD-10-from chapter "06. Mental, behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders" to chapter "08. Diseases of the Nervous System" of the ICD-11. This step, following a Neurology Topic Advisory Group proposal, generated arguments by several national and international scientific associations, mainly from psychiatric organizations, including the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology, old age psychiatric institutions, such as the International Psychogeriatric Association, and other mental health workforce groups. As an outcome of this debate, the WHO moved dementia back to mental disorders in chapter 06, analogously to the ICD-10 and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
 Focusing mainly on dementia among neurocognitive disorders, this paper introduces the main points of modification in the ICD-11 from the ICD-10 and differences between the ICD-11 and DSM-5. In addition, the rationale behind who should play a main role in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with dementia is discussed.
 Author's abstract