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Abstract

第120巻第5号

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Sensory Features in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Hidetoshi Takahashi, Yoko Kamio
Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica 120: 369-383, 2018

 This review provides an overview of the literature on sensory features in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including their impact on clinical aspects of the condition, assessment, support, and also discusses directions for future research. Individuals with ASD are commonly considered to have atypical sensory features, which were identified even in the earliest literature on this disorder. The importance of sensory features in ASD is increasingly being recognized, and they have recently been included as one manifestation of the core symptoms of ASD.
 Atypical sensory features can cause patients' and caregivers' distress, and have also been correlated with several other problematic symptoms and behaviors associated with ASD, including restrictive and repetitive behavior, anxiety, inattention, gastrointestinal complaints, and self-injurious behavior. Chronological age and autism severity are reported to be factors affecting the severity of atypical sensory features, with the symptoms being severest in children aged 6-9 years old, and in those who have an autism diagnosis.
 Sensory features of ASD can be quickly assessed with comprehensive ASD assessment measures such as PARS (the Parent-interview ASD Rating Scale) and MSPA (the Multi-dimensional Scale for PDD and ADHD). Specific assessment for sensory features, such as Sensory Profile, would provide more information about atypical sensory features of ASD. Neurophysiological indexes of sensory processing in ASD may serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring of supports for ASD and reveal the biological pathophysiology related to atypical sensory features.
 Known supports for sensory symptoms in ASD include environmental modification and occupational therapy programs, such as sensory integration therapy, that are specifically tailored to the needs of the individual. While some empirical evidence provides support for the benefits of these supports, more research is needed to properly evaluate their efficacy, while other means of alleviating atypical sensory features, such as possible psychopharmacological supports, also need to be explored.
 Overall, atypical sensory features are an important factor to be considered in the design of research as well as in clinical practice. Additional research into the atypical sensory features associated with ASD has the potential to shed more light on the nature and pathophysiology of the disorder and to open new avenues for effective supports.
 <Authors' abstract>

Keywords:autism spectrum disorder, sensory feature, sensory processing, auditory over-responsiveness, startle response>
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